Every regiment on the western front created an assault unit of storm troopers selected from their fittest and most aggressive men. [42] For a week the Russians kept attacking: they lost 80,000 men; the defenders 16,000. In the summer they visited his grandfather at the Hindenburg estate of Neudeck in East Prussia. 1 pf 5 pf 10 pf 50 pf Eine 5 Silber Reichsmark des Dritten Reichs 1934-1939 ist mit dem Konterfei des deutschen Politikers Paul von Hindenburg zu haben. The Russians then struck on Brusilov's right with their best troops, the Guards Army, and the heaviest artillery concentration yet seen on the Eastern Front. Democracy came abruptly and almost bloodlessly. He resigned and immediately notified Hindenburg about what happened. By January 1932, at the age of 84, Hindenburg was vacillating about running for a second term. Edge. According to Kaiser Wilhelm II, "Hindenburg never said more than half of what he really thought". [159] He called in the party leaders for advice, during the meetings Meissner led the discussions while Hindenburg would only speak briefly on crucial points. A week later the anticipated French offensive began, driving northward from the Aisne River, after six days of intensive shelling their infantry was led forward by 128 tanks, the first attack by massed tanks. Stresemann's position in successive governments was solidified when he shared the Nobel Peace Prize for 1926. Therefore, in March 1919 The Reichswehr was organized. The kaiser gave in, superfluously because in Berlin Prince Max had already publicly announced his abdication, his own resignation, and that the Social Democrat leader Friedrich Ebert was now chancellor. In the process, they destroyed every building, leveled all roads and bridges, cut down every tree, fouled every well, and burned every combustible. To counter this success, on 18 July after a hurricane bombardment by 136 batteries directed by Bruchmüller a Schwerpunkt of six German divisions from the west broke a gap in the Russian front, through which they sliced southward toward Tarnopol, thereby threatening to pocket the Russian attackers, who fled to save themselves; many of the demoralized Russian units elected committees to replaced their officers. He was not the man of dogged, faithful service, but the man of image, manipulation and betrayal.″[190], Coat of arms of the ancient von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg family [de], Coat of arms of Paul von Hindenburg as knight of the Spanish branch of the Order of the Golden Fleece, Prussian-German field marshal, statesman, and president of Germany (1847-1934), This article is about the German president. [155] The depression grew worse, unemployment was soaring, and now the constitutional system had been drastically shaken.[156]. At threatened points they formed mixed German and Austro-Hungarian units and other Austro-Hungarian formations were bolstered by a sprinkling of German officers. The Germans were unable to tender a plausible peace offer because OHL insisted on controlling Belgium and retaining the French coalfields. Brüning continued with austerity, A decree in December 1930 once again cut the wages of public employees and the budget. It was Ludendorff's birthday but he refused to come to the celebratory dinner. After having their strength decimated by the Russians in the Brusilov Offensive, the Austro-Hungarian forces submitted their Eastern Front forces to Hindenburg's command on July 27 (except for Archdukes Karl's Army Group in southeast Galicia, in which General Hans von Seeckt was chief of staff). His close advisers were Oskar, Groener, Meissner, and Schleicher, known as the Kamarilla. For additional information, see the Global Shipping Program, This amount includes applicable customs duties, taxes, brokerage and other fees. Counterattacks in East Prussia and Poland, Arms buildup and unrestricted submarine warfare, The great withdrawal and defending the Western Front, Analysis of Political Career & Cultural Impact, Pyta, Wolfram "Hindenburg and the German Right" pp. ... Any coins from the start of the war in 1939 until 1940 were made from high-quality metals. The next crisis came in the autumn of 1926 when Reichswehr commander Seeckt, without consulting the Reichswehr minister, invited the eldest son of the ex-crown prince to attend maneuvers. To spare the city OHL ordered him not to defend Jerusalem, which was occupied in December. [121] Throughout the kaiser is treated with great respect. On 1 November 1914 Hindenburg was appointed Ober Ost (commander in the east) and was promoted to field marshal. On 12 August Army Group von Boehn was created to firm up the defenses in the Somme sector. $19.99. Subsequently in 1911, Hindenburg announced his retirement from the military. Hindenburg did not budge. THIS IS GERMANY THIRD REICH 1939 A 2 REICHSMARK HINDENBURG SWASTIKA SILVER. Their front was almost 1,000 km (620 mi) and their only reserves were a cavalry brigade plus some artillery and machine gunners. It fell on 17 August, along with 1,300 guns and almost 1 million shells. The annual maneuvers taught him how to maneuver a large force; in 1908 he defeated a corps commanded by the Kaiser. - Top Rated Plus - opens in new window or tab. His section was led by Count Alfred von Schlieffen, a noted student of encirclement battles like Cannae, whose famous Schlieffen Plan proposed to pocket the French Army. [164] Hindenburg was persuaded to run by the Kamarilla, and supported by the Centre Party, the Deutsche Volkspartei (DVP) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), which regarded him as the only hope of defeating Hitler. Hindenburg refused the powers but agreed to the election. The constitution was adopted on 11 August 1919. [119], Papen was furious, telling Hitler that he was acting as a "trustee" of Hindenburg, and that a "junior minister" like Goebbels had no right to silence him. In addition Ludendorff overrated himself, repressing repeated demonstrations that he lacked the backbone essential to command. In the first round of voting in March 1932, Hindenburg was front-runner, but failed to gain the required majority. The German Nationals agreed to join, and a new government was in place on 31 January 1927. The Treaty ended Luther's government, so Hindenburg had to assemble its replacement. French headquarters realized: "This much became clear from the terrible adventure, that our enemies were masters of a new method of warfare. Henceforth, he was lauded as the living ideal of German masculinity and patriotism. They agreed that the existing staffs should make these arrangements. From Hindenburg's point of view, such an overwhelming triumph could end the war in the Eastern Front. Protecting his warrior image, Hindenburg wrote in his memoir that "the artists were a distraction [with which] we would have preferred to dispense".[186]. A financial scandal in the navy led to the resignation of the defense minister. More Germans were in Macedonia and in Palestine, where the British were driving north; Falkenhayn was replaced by Otto Liman von Sanders, who had led the defense of Gallipoli. Climbing a gentle slope, they came under heavy fire from the superior French rifles. Brüning had hesitated because he lacked parliamentary support, but Hindenburg appealed to his sense of duty and threatened to resign himself. To keep the government in office, Hindenburg pressured Seeckt to resign. [168] Once Groener was gone, the ban was lifted and the Nazi brownshirts were back battling on the streets. Their success was dazzling. [45] Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg favored Hindenburg, supposing him amenable to moderate peace terms,[46] mistaking his amiability as tractability and unaware that he was intent on enlarging Prussia. In early February 1933, Papen asked for and received an Article 48 bill signed into law that sharply limited freedom of the press. [34] From then on Hindenburg often called on Bruchmüller. [76][77] Ludendorff relieved Groener by telegram and sent him off to command a division. However, winter mud prevented action there until April. It was based on the Constitution of the German Empire written in 1871, with many of the kaiser's powers now given to a president elected for a term of seven years. Stortyskland (Nazi-Tyskland og Det Tredje Rige) er det Tyskland, Adolf Hitler ledede. [27] When the Russians attempted to cross the Vistula, the German forces under his command held firm, but the Russians were able to cross in the Austro-Hungarian sector to the south. [126] Ludendorff was summoned also. For the past few days the Seventh Army commanding general, the staff, and I had all been recommending a withdrawal from the increasingly untenable front lines. When his reading was finished Hindenburg walked out of the hearings, despite being threatened with contempt, sure that they would not dare charge a war hero. Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg was born in Posen, Prussia (Polish: Poznań; until 1793 and since 1919 part of Poland[2]), the son of Prussian aristocrat Hans Robert Ludwig von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (1816–1902) and his wife Luise Schwickart (1825–1893), the daughter of physician Karl Ludwig Schwickart and wife Julie Moennich. A Hindenburg son-in-law, who was a reserve officer and a legal expert, joined the staff to write a new legal code. The referendum on 20 June 1926 rejected expropriation. Fest steht: Die NSDAP wusste das Verbrechen für sich zu nutzen. Hindenburg's 70th birthday was celebrated lavishly all over Germany, 2 October was a public holiday, an honor that until then had been reserved only for the Kaiser. [170] Schäffer told Hindenburg: We reject the notion that millions of Germans are not to be designated as national. Hitler had a plebiscite held on 19 August 1934, in which the German people were asked if they approved of Hitler taking the office of Führer. [89] As usual Hindenburg set objectives as the situation evolved. On 22 August, he was selected by the War Cabinet and the German high command (Oberste Heeresleitung, OHL) to assume command of the German Eighth Army in East Prussia, with General Erich Ludendorff as his chief of staff. In return for the armed forces' support, he agreed to suppress the SA and promised that the armed forces would be the only bearers of arms in Germany under his watch. Hindenburg went on the defensive, withdrawing one by one from the salients created by their victories, evacuating their wounded and supplies and retiring to shortened lines. Their Polish plan was opposed by Foreign Minister Richard von Kühlmann, who encouraged the kaiser to listen to the views of Max Hoffmann, chief of staff on the Eastern Front. They submitted the issues to a national plebiscite, in which they obtained only one-fifth of the vote. February WM: 2 Perforation: 14 At age 11 Paul entered the Cadet Corps School at Wahlstatt (now Legnickie Pole, Poland). International shipping and import charges paid to Pitney Bowes Inc. Any international shipping and import charges are paid in part to Pitney Bowes Inc. International shipping paid to Pitney Bowes Inc. Any international shipping is paid in part to Pitney Bowes Inc. 1939 A 2 Mark German WWII Silver Coin Third Reich Reichsmark 5*(1), Germany - Third Reich 2 reichsmark 1939 Paul von Hindenburg Mintmark J, Germany - Third Reich 2 reichsmark 1939 Paul von Hindenburg Mintmark F, GERMANY THIRD REICH 2 REICHSMARK 1939 A SILVER B35 #K5104, Third Reich Nazi WWII Hitler Silver 1937 D Munich Mint 5 Reichs Mark Swastika, 1939 A 2 Mark AU German WWII Silver Coin Third Reich Reichsmark 5*, 1938 A 2 Mark German WWII Silver (1) Coin Third Reich Swastika Reichsmark, GERMANY THIRD REICH 2 REICHSMARK 1939 A SILVER B35 #K5099, GERMANY THIRD REICH 2 REICHSMARK 1939 A SILVER B35 #K5096, GERMANY THIRD REICH 2 REICHSMARK 1939 A SILVER B35 #K5109, GERMANY THIRD REICH 2 REICHSMARK 1939 A SILVER B35 #K5094, GERMANY THIRD REICH 2 REICHSMARK 1939 A SILVER B35 #K5111, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1941 D 10 REICHSPFENNIG SWASTIKA, MUNICH MINT, ZINC, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1944 A 10 REICHSPFENNIG SWASTIKA, ZINC, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1943 A 10 REICHSPFENNIG SWASTIKA, ZINC, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1935 G 5 REICHSMARK HINDENBURG SILVER TONED, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1940 E 10 REICHSPFENNIG SWASTIKA, ZINC, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1940 G 10 REICHSPFENNIG SWASTIKA, ZINC, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1934 E 5 REICHSMARK GARRISON CHURCH POTSDAM SILVER scratches, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1935 A 5 REICHSMARK 1st ANNIV NAZI RULE POTSDAM CHURCH SILVE, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1935 F 50 REICHSPFENNIG, ALUMINIUM ONE YEAR TYPE, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1943 D 10 REICHSPFENNIG SWASTIKA, ZINC, SPAIN ALFONSO XIII 1926 50 CENTIMOS, SILVER PATINA, GERMANY THIRD REICH 1934 J 5 REICHSMARK 1st ANNIV NAZI RULE POTSDAM SILVER TONED, Germany 2 Mark In Third Reich Coins (1933-1945), Circulated Silver 1939 Year Third Reich Coins (1933-1945). [100] Hindenburg's remaining in command bolstered the new government's position. Hitler demanded the chancellorship along with five cabinet positions and important posts in the state governments; additionally the Reichstag would have to pass an Enabling act giving a new government all needed powers, otherwise it would be dissolved. The striking polyvalence of the narrative—it extolled not only right-wing notions of authoritarian leadership but also more bi-partisan national values, such as salvaging something positive from war and defeat and self-affirmation in the face of crisis—meant that Hindenburg’s myth could be deployed by different groups, at different times, and for different purposes. During the war he had left the newspaper reporters to Ludendorff, now he was available. When the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 broke out Hindenburg wrote his parents: "I rejoice in this bright-coloured future. To increase output they needed skilled workers. In retaliation, Falkenhayn reassigned some of Hindenburg's forces to a new army group under Prince Leopold of Bavaria and transferring Ludendorff to a new joint German and Austro-Hungarian Southern Army. When they broached the march home he took them to the map room, explaining allocation of roads, scheduling unit departures, billeting and feeding. Hindenburg told them that they must stand on the defensive until Romania was dealt with, meanwhile defensive tactics must be improved — ideas were welcome. The Social Democratic government of the State of Prussia was a caretaker, because it had lost its mandate in the preceding election. Hindenburg took no part in the campaign, in the September 1930 elections the Nazis achieved an electoral breakthrough, gaining 17 percent of the vote to become the second-strongest party in the Reichstag. [71] The cautiously following Allies also had to cope with booby traps, some exploding a month later. Falter, Jürgen W. "The Two Hindenburg Elections of 1925 and 1932: A Total Reversal of Voter Coalitions", Menge, Anna. Ludendorff was outraged that the kaiser had consulted a subordinate, while Hindenburg complained that the kaiser “disregards our opinion in a matter of vital importance.”[80] The kaiser backed off, but would not approve Ludendorff's order removing Hoffmann, who is not even mentioned in Hindenburg's memoir. Hindenburg refused to make Hitler chancellor, so he met with Hitler to explain that he was unwilling to bring a single party to power, concluding with "I want to extend my hand to you as a fellow soldier. [78] Hindenburg published a birthday manifesto, which ended with the words: With God's help our German strength has withstood the tremendous attack of our enemies, because we were one, because each gave his all gladly. In June the Austro-Hungarians in Italy attacked the Entente lines along the Piave River but were repelled decisively. [citation needed] Baltic Germans who owned vast estates feted Hindenburg and he hunted their game preserves. The Macedonian front extended along the Greek border from the Adriatic to the Aegean. Hindenburg delayed the appointment of one Nazi Gauleiter, but failed to obtain the installation of a Lutheran bishop he favored. In addition, the French promised to leave the Rhineland in 1930, five years before schedule. Wilson insisted that the kaiser must go, but he refused to abdicate, he was determined to lead the Prussian Army home to suppress the growing rebellion, which had started with large demonstrations in major cities and then, when the navy ordered a sortie to battle the British, mutineers led by workers' and soldiers' councils took control of the navy, these councils spread rapidly throughout Germany. Most Germans did celebrate his birthday: his present was Neudeck, the ancestral East Prussian estate of the Hindenburgs, purchased with funds from a public subscription. The tipping point came when Falkenhayn ordered a spoiling attack by Bulgaria on Entente lines in Macedonia, which failed with heavy losses. [182] When Professor Hugo Vogel, commissioned to immortalize the victorious Tannenberg commanders in paint, arrived at headquarters most of his subjects begrudged posing,[183][184] Hindenburg visited most days, often staying for hours, which his staff attributed to ego, having no inkling that he and his wife collected paintings of the Virgin[185] nor that he was an amateur artist nor that he liked to discuss books — Schiller was his favorite author. Unemployment was still soaring. Twelve zeros were cut from prices, which stabilized. He hoped to hold a line until their enemies were ready to bargain. The industrialists opposed Groener's advocacy of an excess profits tax and insistence that workers take a part in company management. Around the country Nazi stormtroopers were running riot, attacking their political opponents. Hindenburg argued that the still miserably equipped Russians — some only carried spears — in the huge Polish salient were in a trap in which they could be snared in a cauldron by a southward pincer from East Prussia and a northward pincer from Galicia, using motor vehicles for speed,[29] even though the Russians outnumbered the Germans by three to one. After weeks of marching, the Guards attacked the village of Saint Privat (near Metz). Free shipping. He was delighted with Papen, a rich, smooth aristocrat who had been a famous equestrian and a general staff officer; he soon became a Hindenburg family friend (Schleicher was no longer welcomed because he had quarreled with Oskar). In response to the Reichstag Fire allegedly committed by a communist arsonist, he approved the Reichstag Fire Decree in February 1933 which suspended various civil liberties. (His breakdown is not mentioned in Hindenburg's or Ludendorff's memoirs.) However, Hindenburg and Ludendorff were dissatisfied with this plan. The national elections came eleven days later. Free shipping. He became a second lieutenant in the Third Regiment of Foot Guards. Now the Russians signed also. The Field Marshal had a high opinion of himself, and he doubtless sincerely believed that he personified a Prussian ‘tradition" of selfless service. [112][113][114] He managed by setting objectives and appointing talented men to do their jobs, for instance "giving full scope to the intellectual powers" of Ludendorff. Surprisingly, Hindenburg has undergone a historical metamorphosis: his teaching of tactics and years on the General Staff forgotten while he is remembered as a commander as an appendage to Ludendorff's genius. [98] On 14 October The Austro-Hungarians asked for an armistice in Italy, but the fighting went on. [176], In truth, Hitler had known as early as April 1934 that Hindenburg would likely not survive the year. Economic austerity was abandoned as Hitler poured money into new programs hiring the unemployed, buying armaments, and building infrastructure—especially roads and autobahns. As always surprise was essential, so the artillery was slipped into attack positions at night, relying on camouflage for concealment; the British aerial photographers were allowed free rein before D-day. The chief of staff was Seeckt, camouflaged as Chief of the Troop Office. This amount is subject to change until you make payment. [152] With the Grand Coalition government lacking support in the Reichstag, Müller asked Hindenburg to have his budget approved under Article 48, but Schleicher persuaded Hindenburg to refuse. The German defense was halfhearted.They had lost. Headquarters moved close to the front and as soon as possible would advance to pre-selected positions in newly occupied ground. Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg and his allies expressed opposition to this policy, not wanting to bring the United States and other neutrals into the war. The withdrawal became more fraught when the armistice obliged all German troops to leave Belgium, France and Alsace Lorraine in 14 days and to be behind the Rhine in 30 days. Göring did not receive a portfolio, but critically was made Prussian interior minister, controlling the largest police force in which he promoted Nazis as commanders. When Hindenburg met with Hitler, Papen would always be present. Vogel was with him throughout the war and did his last portrait in 1934. His intentions were not to "abandon my efforts for a healthy move to the Right". When the seven men from the executive committee of the soldiers' council formed at Spa arrived at OHL they were greeted politely by a lieutenant colonel, who acknowledged their leadership. Hindenburg countered demands to restore the monarchy by arguing that restoring a Hohenzollern would block progress in revising Versailles. When Ludendorff's nerves twice drove him to consider changing their plans for Tannenberg at the last minute; both times Hindenburg talked to him privately and his confidence wavered no further. Entente divisions were rushed to Italy to stem the retreat by holding a line on the Piave River. He would attack the British because they were less skillful than the French. At the maneuvers of 1885, he met the future Kaiser Wilhelm II; they met again at the next year's war game in which Hindenburg commanded the "Russian army". Afterwards, Ludendorff refused to share Hindenburg's limousine. German troops were in Finland, the Baltic States, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, much of Romania, the Crimea, and in a salient east of Ukraine extending east almost to the Volga and south into Georgia and Armenia. Below's Army was dissolved and the German divisions returned to the Western Front, where in October Pétain had directed a successful limited objective attack in which six days of carefully planned bombardment left crater-free pathways for 68 tanks to lead the infantry forward on the Lassaux plateau south of Laon, which forced the Germans off of the entire ridge — the French Army had recovered. Bavarian mountain warfare expert von Dellmensingen was sent to assess the Austro-Hungarian defenses in Italy, which he found poor. He kept close to his three children, their spouses and his nine grandchildren. Menge, Anna. The derelict citadel of the Brest Fortress was refurbished as their headquarters. The president also enjoyed a shooting preserve. Metal Silver (.625) Weight 8.0 g Diameter 25.0 mm Thickness 2.15 mm Shape Round Orientation Medal alignment ↑↑ Demonetized yes References KM# 93, J# 366, Schön# 90. [50] A backup defensive line, which the Entente called the Hindenburg Line, would be constructed immediately. Henceforth, Ludendorff was entrusted with signing most orders, directives and the daily press reports. After securing the Dutch and Danish borders, Hindenburg announced that unrestricted submarine warfare was imperative and Ludendorff added his voice. His family were all Lutheran Protestants in the Evangelical Church of Prussia, which since 1817 included both Calvinist and Lutheran parishioners. [109] Hindenburg's far less detailed memoir never disputed his valued colleague's claims, military decisions were made by “we” not “I”, and it is less useful to historians because it was written for general readers. The Social Democrats shifted their stance and were willing to join a centrist government, which would strengthen it. A delegation came to his home on 1 April. [179] He reportedly had a good sense of humor and often made jokes at his own expense. He became chief of staff of the Eighth Army Corps in 1896. His paternal grandparents were Otto Ludwig Fady von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (1778–1855), through whom he was remotely descended from the illegitimate daughter of Count Heinrich VI of Waldeck, and his wife Eleonore von Brederfady (d. The Ottomans were overextended, trying to defend Syria while exploiting the Russian collapse to move into the Caucasus, advancing through Armenia and Georgia intending to take over Muslim lands, despite Hindenburg's urging them to defend what they had. Please enter a number less than or equal to 1. During the last months of the year the Russians continued vain assaults in Ukraine. The next crisis followed Stresemann's negotiation of the Young Plan, which rescheduled reparations payments and opened the way for needed American loans. The famed zeppelin Hindenburg that was destroyed by fire in 1937 was named in his honor, as was the Hindenburgdamm, a causeway joining the island of Sylt to mainland Schleswig-Holstein that was built during his time in office. [15] In Hindenburg's words the line of soldiers defending Germany's border against was "thin, but not weak", because the men were defending their homes. The right was infuriated because the Treaty accepted the loss of Alsace and Lorraine, though it mandated the withdrawal of the Allied troops occupying the Rhineland. This is a private listing and your identity will not be disclosed to anyone except the seller. The opening of the new Reichstag was celebrated with a Nazi extravaganza: Hindenburg descended into the crypt of the old garrison church in Potsdam to commune with the spirit of Frederick the Great at his grave, attended by Hitler who saluted the president as "the custodian of the new rise of our people. The right formed a committee to block adoption, they started by intensively lobbying Hindenburg, using such powerful voices as Tirpitz. Detailed information about the coin 2 Reichsmark (Paul von Hindenburg), Germany, 1871-1948, with pictures and collection and swap management : mintage, descriptions, metal, weight, size, value and other numismatic data (Mobile defense was also used in World War II.) They left the table to subdivide into informal chatting groups. Hindenburg detested Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg for dragging his feet about total and submarine warfare. Mit der "Reichstagsbrandverordnung" hat sie Grundrechte außer Kraft gesetzt und … It legislated the eight hour day and unemployment insurance. Kapp died in prison while awaiting trial, Ludendorff fled to Bavaria where he was shielded by his fame, Bauer went into exile. [175] Hindenburg replied: Of course, I recognize your fidelity to our Kaiser, King and Lord without reservation. The president always was lobbied intensely by visitors and letter writers. In 1924 the economy was shored up by the reduction in reparation payments in the Dawes Plan with loans from American banks. [44] [93] Hindenburg still intended to try the conclusive strike in Flanders, but before he could strike French and Americans led by light tanks smashed through the right flank of the German salient on the Marne. Hitler gained the support of the armed forces by promising to rebuild their strength. The 430,000 armed men in Germany competed for the limited places. At the end of August the advancing Central Powers stopped at the frontier of Moldavia. III Rzesza (niem. Will usually ship within 1 business day of receiving cleared payment. What admirers paid to drive in nails — ultimately 30 tons of them —went to war widows. The army released a million men. With the passage of the Enabling Act and the banning of all parties except the Nazis, Hindenburg's power to sack the Chancellor was the only means by which Hitler could be legally removed from office. Colonel Bauer and the Crown Prince rushed to Berlin to block this peril. 1851) and Bernhard (b. [177][clarification needed], Hindenburg remained in office until his death at the age of 86 from lung cancer at his home in Neudeck, East Prussia, on 2 August 1934. In the summer of 1931, Hindenburg complained in a letter to his daughter: "What pains and angers me the most is being misunderstood by part of the political right". At Arras led by tanks and a creeping barrage, they took the German first and second lines and occupied part of their third while the Canadians swept the Germans completely off the Vimy Ridge. And then, having publicly declared that he would never consent to appoint Hitler to any post...levered the Nazi leader into the German Chancellery in January 1933. Since their retreat from the Marne, Ludendorff had been distraught, shrieking orders and often in tears.
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